Understanding Knee Osteoarthritis:
Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the cartilage in the knee, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
What is Knee Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis (OA) is often referred to as “wear-and-tear” arthritis because it results from the gradual breakdown of joint cartilage. The cartilage acts as a cushion between the bones, allowing smooth movement and absorbing shock. In knee osteoarthritis, this cartilage deteriorates, causing the bones to rub against each other. This friction can lead to pain, swelling, and decreased joint function. Over time, the condition may also involve changes in the underlying bone and the formation of bone spurs.
Causes of Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis develops due to a combination of factors, including:
- Aging: The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age as the cartilage naturally wears down over time.
- Joint Injury: Previous injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis.
- Repetitive Stress: Occupations or activities that place repetitive strain on the knee joint can contribute to cartilage breakdown.
- Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis may predispose individuals to the condition.
- Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation can weaken cartilage and exacerbate joint damage.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy is conservative non-surgical management for knee osteoarthritis. It aims to reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance the quality of life. Here’s how a physio can help:
- Pain Management:
- Techniques such as manual therapy, dry needling, and electrical stimulation can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
- Strengthening Exercises:
- Strengthening the muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, helps stabilize the joint and reduce strain.
- Flexibility and Range of Motion:
- Stretching exercises and joint mobilization techniques improve flexibility and maintain the knee’s range of motion.
- Weight Management Advice:
- Physiotherapists provide guidance on maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joints.
- Activity Modification:
- Learning how to perform daily activities in a joint-friendly way can help minimize further damage.
- Assistive Devices:
- Recommendations for knee braces, taping, orthotics, or walking aids can provide additional support and reduce discomfort.
Conclusion
Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive condition that can significantly impact daily life, but with the right approach, it can be manageable. If you are experiencing knee pain or stiffness, consulting a physiotherapist could be a pivotal step toward a more active and pain-free life.
Deep Sidhu
Physiotherapist (Bphty)